History
Also known as the Sol Federacy, historians and common parlance refer to the Earth Federacy even though there has never been an official entity known as the Earth Federacy. Rather, many different names have existed for the political entity in which the central government was based on Earth, which had disproportionate power over a number of subservient colonies.
The origins of the Earth Federacy begin with the collapse of the United Nations of Earth system and the world war between the two main power blocs, Alliance of Independent Democracies (AID) and the United Sovereign Nations (USN).
AID sought to spread liberal democracy, while the USN consisted mostly of less democratic countries that wanted to be left alone. In the end the AID forces were victorious, in part because they emancipated artificial humanoids, such as synthetics and neohuman genotypes. As part of a new system of world government, AID would form the core of the first United Earth Nations Alliance (UENA), which came to be dominated in the World Parliament by the One Nation Earth (ONE) political party.
Over time, as humanity began to colonize space, it became apparent that a further reorganization would be required to govern the far distant worlds. Civil wars would break out as colonies demanded more independence and political influence. Formerly UENA controlled colonies broke free and the remains of UENA evolved into the Alliance of Earth Governed Interplanetary States (AEGIS), with the bulk of its territories within the United Nations Federal Republic of Earth (UNFRE) and the Sol Federation. At the end of the First Earth-Colonial War, the Treaty of Mars splits AEGIS formally into the UNFRE proper, the Sol Federation, AEGIS administered federacy zones, and the Confederation of Independent Colonies (CIC) regions. It is at this time that the AEGIS Federacy, or Earth Federacy becomes a popular moniker, in part due to the rise of the much maligned Federacy Zone Control Fleets.
The era of the Earth Federacy comes to a close with the Earth-Colonial Alliance and the eventual formation of the Human Strategic Commonwealth.
Society
Regardless of name, the Federacy has always had a very Earth-centric worldview. Such tendencies included efforts to retain traditional Earth nationalities and culture in space, and a general preference for “The Homeworld”. The governments of the Earth Federacy have generally been a middle way between the libertarian Confederation and the statist Imperium. Citizens are expected to be loyal to Earth as well as Humanity. The Federacy ironically evolved to become the least tolerant of alternative humans, and genetic engineering has been historically severely restricted.
On the other hand, the Earth Federacy has also been the strongest advocate for democratic government, and representation by population has historically been a requirement for inclusion. Though, notably, the nature of Earth’s high population compared to more recently established colonies has generally meant that for most of the history of the Earth Federacy, the Republic of Earth has dominated the Parliamentary Assembly. Though the Senate in theory had regional representation, in practice the senate was very much a rubber stamp, and was eventually abolished shortly before the Second Earth-Colonial War.
Aside from that, the society of the Earth Federacy would be considered the most Earth-like for obvious reasons, and not quite unlike a revived British or Russian Empire.
Military
The military tendencies of the Federacy have generally been very traditional. The Earth Spatial Forces retain ground based training and building facilities, and have a history of national fleets. Their tactics also tend to show Lander biases, which have historically placed them at a strategic disadvantage against the more 3D aware CIC and Zenith commanders.
Due to population and industrial power, the Federacy is also prone to using massed attacks with overwhelming forces, and are known for a more attrition style warfare, which they will tend to win if allowed to. However, their tendency to hold mostly favourable planets means that they are not as capable in harsh environments.